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Biogenic Synthesis of Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles Using Daruharidra (Berberis aristata) and Its Implementation as a Novel Therapeutic Agent against Human Breast and Ovarian Cancer

Aditi Bhatnagar, Abha Mishra*

In this article we have illustrated a novel biogenic and green approach for the production of CdS Nanoparticles (CdS NPs) within 3 nm-5 nm range using an excellent ayurvedic herb known as Daruharidra (Berberis aristata). Natural and chemical free daruharidra powder was utilized as a stabilizing agent in the green or biogenic synthesis of CdS based nano formulation. The foremost objective of this study was to explore prospects of these nanoparticles as a potent anticancer agent. Human ovarian teratocarcinoma cells (PA1) and human breast cancer cells (MDAMB-231) were tested against these nanoparticles. Analysis by MTT assay showed cytotoxic effect on cell lines when treated with increasing concentration of NPs. IC₅₀ for 24 hour treatment was obtained as 97.34 μg/ml and 809.75 μg/ml for ovarian and breast cancer cells respectively. Further the flow cytometry analysis were performed to understand the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest mechanism. It was found that treatment with CdS NPs lead to significant rise in early apoptotic cells i.e. from 2.53% to 13.5% and 3.67% to 12.6% in PA1 and MDAMB-231 cell line respectively. Also the NPs initiate the cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase with subG1 DNA damage in PA1 cells and G₀/G₁ arrest in MDAMB-231 cells. The NPs were also tested for their potential as bactericidal agent, which showed excellent results against both gram positive and negative bacteria.