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Abstrakt

Comparative Evaluation of Trimethylamine-N-Oxide, Ischemia Modified Albumin, Iron, and Copper among Normal Control, Obese Metabolically Healthy and Obese with Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Biochemical Analysis at Tertiary Care Hospital in Udupi District

Rana Raju, Kamath U Shobha, Rao Raghavendra and Dutta Babi

Objective: Metabolic Syndrome is caused by obesity, hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, high triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MetS). MetS has been related to increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular mortality, and all-cause mortality and are considered signi icant public health and clinical concern in developing and developed countries. This study was carried out to comparative evaluation of Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO), Ischemia Modi ied Albumin (IMA), Iron (Fe), and Copper (Cu).

Design: We conducted a cross-sectional biochemical analysis on 159 subjects, including 98 (61.63%) males and 61 (38.36%) females, from the OPD ward of Kasturba Hospital, which is a teaching hospital affiliated to Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, MAHE for regular health checkups as well as for illness related to metabolic syndrome from Feb 2021 to May 2021. The patient's medical records were followed up; the anthropometric measurements and clinical parameters were retrospectively collected. The subjects were categorized as subjects with and without MetS as per National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEPATPIII). The subjects with BMI more than 30 kg/m2 were de ined as obese according to WHO classi ication

Results: Dunnett t (2-sided) test analysis indicates a signi icant difference for IMA among normal control and MetS group with mean values of 0.21 ± 0.409 and 0.62 ± 0.530 (P<0.005), respectively. Similarly, TMAO also shows signi icance compared to normal control, obese metabolically healthy, and obese with metabolic syndrome.

Conclusion: Our study strongly supports that TMAO is highly prevalent among the subjects, with MetS showing a signi icant positive association between obese metabolically healthy and obese with metabolic syndrome. Similarly, IMA also indicates a positive association with MetS compared with control but not with MHO.