Klinische Psychiatrie Offener Zugang

Abstrakt

Transformational Coaching, parent-child Relationship, and the psychosocial and team outcomes of young talented athletes.

Nikos Lambridis

This study introduces for the first time in Coaching Football the term Transformational Coaching. It investigated perceptions of coach, parent, and peer motivational influences on athlete development in the past. Coach transformational leadership behaviors, perceived competence, intrinsic motivation, enjoyment, team cohesion, and collective efficacy were all assessed in adolescent soccer players, coaches, parents (N=312). Transformational Coaching was found to be more influential than peer leadership in predicting individual outcomes and collective efficacy. Transformational Coaching was also found to be strongly related to social cohesion of talented players, as well as task cohesion. Participants perceived each social agent to play a role in each of the following motivationally relevant categories of social agent influence: Relationship factors; interpersonal interactions; development support; participation support; and feedback and evaluation. The categories were somewhat supportive and similar to those described in other models. The findings describe a complex and dynamic social environment in which athletes develop and shed light on how this socio-motivational environment changes as athletes progress. The identified categories of perceived motivationally-relevant social agent influence may provide a framework for future research and allow practitioners to better determine the motivational needs of athletes. Sport practitioners can use the study's findings to ensure that athletes are receiving the variety of motivational influences described in the study's categories. Coach education could be developed or adapted to teach coaches about the different types and importance of socio-motivational influences in sports. Two major interventions are proposed here: For the parents with regards their approach to their kids, a model 4As (Attention, Affection, Appreciation, and Acceptance). For the Trainers focusing on the psychology part of sports, called 4Ps (Personal, Professional, Physical, and Promises).